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Glucagon ELISA kitEK0486

  Catalog No. Package Size Price
EK0486-1 1x96T $399.00
EK0486-2 5x96T $1799.00
EK0486-3 10x96T $3459.00

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Description
  • Product Name Glucagon ELISA kit
  • Brief Description ELISA Kit
  • Applications Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
  • Species Reactivity Human
  • Specificity Natural and recombinant Glucagon Ligand
  • Crossing Reactivity No significant interference observed with available related molecules.
  • Target Name Glucagon
Application Details

Detect Range: 31.25-2000pg/ml
Sensitivity: 7pg/mL
Sample Type: Cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin)
Sample Volume: 20 uL
Assay Time: 3 hours
Detection method: Colorimetric

Images
  • Glucagon ELISA kit - Absci

    Representative standard curve for Glucagon ELISA. VEGF was diluted in serial two-fold steps in Sample Diluent.

Product Description
  • Aluminium pouches with a Microwell Plate coated with antibody to Glucagon (8x12)
  • 2 vials Glucagon Standard lyophilized, 2000 pg/vial upon reconstitution
  • 2 vials concentrated Biotin-Conjugate anti- Glucagon antibody
  • 2 vials Streptavidin-HRP solution
  • 4 bottle Standard /sample Diluent
  • 1 bottle Biotin-Conjugate antibody Diluent
  • 1 bottle Streptavidin-HRP Diluent
  • 1 bottle Wash Buffer Concentrate 20x (PBS with 1% Tween-20)
  • 1 vial Substrate Solution
  • 1 vial Stop Solution
  • 4 pieces Adhesive Films
  • package insert
Background

Glucagon is a 29 amino acid (aa) peptide produced by the pancreas that plays a critical role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis (1-4). The Glucagon precursor mRNA is expressed by alpha cells (a-cells) of the pancreas, L cells of the intestine, and in the brain (1, 2). Only the pancreatic a-cells express the prohormone convertase PC2, also called PCSK2, which is required to produce Glucagon (2). Intestinal L cells instead express the prohormone convertase PC1, which processes the precursor to the Glucagon-overlapping peptides glicentin and oxyntomodulin. L cells also produce two Glucagon-like peptides, GLP-1 and GLP-2 that are derived from the same Glucagon precursor and influence glucose metabolism, but do not share any common sequence with Glucagon (1, 2). The aa sequence of the mature Glucagon peptide is identical in human, mouse, rat, pig, dog, horse, cow, sheep, and Xenopus.

In normal metabolism, Glucagon is secreted in response to low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and downregulated in response to high blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Although Glucagon binding sites are found in liver, brain, pancreas, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue, the main activity of Glucagon receptors occurs in the liver, where Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, thereby increasing blood glucose (1-4). It is particularly important that the brain receive sufficient glucose, since it is unable to store more than a minute quantity. Therefore the release of Glucagon from a-cells is under control by both hormones and neurotransmitters, and is very responsive to circulating glucose concentration. Insulin, and/or the zinc that islet b cells secrete with it, downregulates Glucagon secretion in intact islets (5, 6). Glucagon secretion is also downregulated by the neurotransmitter g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), somatostatin produced by islet d-cells, and GLP-1, but is enhanced by the neurotransmitter L-glutamate, amino acids (especially arginine), and Glucagon itself (2-4, 7). Through receptors on the a-cells, these substances affect potassium, sodium, and calcium channel activity and alter intracellular calcium concentration (2-4). Glucose suppression of Glucagon secretion is probably indirect, acting through paracrine signals from other islet cells (8).

Like insulin, Glucagon is dysregulated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and contributes to its pathology (2-4). Glucagon secretion is less responsive to insulin-mediated suppression in times of high circulating glucose, causing glucagonemia, and increasing the risk of hyperglycemia. Glucagon is also regulated by some of the same messengers that regulate insulin (10-12). Leptin inhibits a-cell glucagon secretion and stimulates b-cell insulin secretion, but glucagon blunts the leptin-mediated insulin secretion (10). Islet a-cells express ghrelin receptors and respond to ghrelin by increasing Glucagon secretion (11). Glucocorticoids, activated by 11b-HSD1, depress Glucagon secretion in hypoglycemia and insulin secretion in hyperglycemia (12). Although genetic polymorphisms of the Glucagon receptor are associated with T2D, downregulation of Glucagon secretion or deletion of the Glucagon receptor in mice that are susceptible to T2D actually improves glycemic control (13, 14).

Regerences

Jiang, G. and B.B. Zhang (2003) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 284:E691.

Gromada, J. et al. (2007) Endocr. Rev. 28:84.

Edgerton, D.S. and A.D. Cherrington (2011) Diabetes 60:377.

Quesada, I. et al. (2008) J. Endocrinol. 199:5.

Cooperberg, B.A. and P.E. Cryer (2010) Diabetes 59:2936.

Zhou, H. et al. (2007) Diabetes 56:1107.

Dunning, B.E. et al. (2005) Diabetologia 48:1700.

Le Marchand, S.J. and D.W. Piston (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285:14389.

Menge, B.A. et al. (2011) Diabetes 60:2160.

Shimizu, H. et al. (2011) Islets 3:150.

Chuang, J.C. et al. (2011) Mol. Endocrinol. 25:1600.

Swali, A. et al. (2008) Diabetologia 51:2003.

Lee, Y. et al. (2011) Diabetes 60:391.

Gustavsson, N. et al. (2011) Diabetologia 54:415.

Deacon, C. et al. (2003) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 285:E552.

    Please let us know if you have published research using #EK0486 so that we can cite your reference.
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    Protocol
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    Note
      Application:
    • WBWestern Blotting
    • IHCImmunohistochemistry
    • IFImmunofluorescence
    • ICCImmunocytochemistry
    • FCFlow Cytometry
    • IPImmunoprecipitation
    • EELISA
    • DBDot Blotting
    • ChIPChromatin Immunoprecipitation
    • GICAGold Immunochromatography Assay
    • NCNegative Control
      Species Reactivity:
    • HuHuman
    • MsMouse 
    • RtRat 
    • Dm Drosophila melanogaster
    • C Caenorhabditis elegans
    • MkMonkey
    • RbRabbit
    • B Bovine 
    • D Dog
    • PPig
    • HmHamster
    • ChHm Chinese Hamster 
    • ChkChicken  
    • ShpSheep  


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